Smallholder Farmers in Malaysia’s Oil Palm Industry: Issues and Challenges
Petani Pekebun Kecil dalam Industri Kelapa Sawit Malaysia: Isu dan Cabaran
Keywords:
Code of practices (COP), Fresh fruit bunches (FFB), Good agriculture practices (GAP), Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO), Competitiveness, Islamic Business Ethics (IBE)Abstract
The oil palm sector is vital to the national economy. Smallholder farmers are an essential element of the supply chain for sustainable oil palm production, a large industry with several upstream and downstream players. The supply chain includes smallholders, fruit dealers, millers, refineries, and manufacturers of oil palm-based products. The livelihoods of smallholders are compromised due to a lack of industry knowledge and an inability to comprehend the authority’s appropriate code of practices (COP). The study focuses on the concerns and obstacles that smallholders encounter in the supply chain upstream in the oil palm sector when generating sustainable oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB). To satisfy the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification standards, it must adhere to the authority’s good agricultural practices (GAP) rules. The literature is drawn from current issues in journals and the media, utilising various databases accordingly. The study provides a better understanding of smallholders’ challenges in complying with the authority’s requirements for implementing the sustainability of the oil palm industry. It describes a systematic strategy to building a model for future endeavours using methodical methods that begin with comprehending the problem statement and includes the dimensions of Islamic business ethics (IBE) and competitiveness in the study. Expanding expertise in the oil palm business while effectively incorporating smallholders benefits the government, the MPOB (Malaysian Palm Oil Board), and academia.
Sektor kelapa sawit adalah penting kepada ekonomi negara. Petani pekebun kecil adalah elemen penting dalam rantaian bekalan untuk pengeluaran kelapa sawit yang mampan, sebuah industri besar dengan beberapa pemain huluan dan hiliran. Rantaian bekalan termasuk pekebun kecil, peniaga buah-buahan, pengilang, kilang penapisan dan pengeluar produk berasaskan kelapa sawit. Mata pencarian pekebun kecil terjejas kerana kekurangan pengetahuan industri dan ketidakupayaan untuk memahami kod amalan (COP) yang sesuai oleh pihak berkuasa. Kajian itu memberi tumpuan kepada kebimbangan dan halangan yang dihadapi pekebun kecil dalam rantaian bekalan huluan dalam sektor kelapa sawit apabila menjana buah tandan segar (BTS) kelapa sawit mampan. Untuk memenuhi piawaian pensijilan Minyak Sawit Lestari Malaysia (MSPO), ia mesti mematuhi peraturan amalan pertanian baik (GAP) pihak berkuasa. Literatur diambil daripada isu semasa dalam jurnal dan media, menggunakan pelbagai pangkalan data dengan sewajarnya. Kajian itu memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang cabaran pekebun kecil dalam mematuhi keperluan pihak berkuasa untuk melaksanakan kemampanan industri kelapa sawit. Ia menerangkan strategi sistematik untuk membina model untuk usaha masa depan menggunakan kaedah yang bermula dengan memahami penyataan masalah dan merangkumi dimensi etika perniagaan Islam (IBE) dan daya saing dalam kajian. Memperluas kepakaran dalam perniagaan kelapa sawit sambil menggabungkan pekebun kecil dengan berkesan memberi manfaat kepada kerajaan, MPOB (Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia), dan ahli akademik.
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