Challenges in Micro financing and Introduction of Mosque Based Ijarah Financing Model for Micro Enterprises Using Cash Waqf in Selangor State
Cabaran dalam Pembiayaan Mikro dan Pengenalan Model Pembiayaan Ijarah Berasaskan Masjid untuk Usaha Mikro Menggunakan Wakaf Tunai di Negeri Selangor
Keywords:
Micro enterprises, Micro enterprises, Cash waqf, PWS, Mosque based Ijarah model and Islamic Finance, PWS, Mosque based Ijarah model, Islamic FinanceAbstract
Micro enterprises are one of the key sectors of economy of Malaysia. The Sector contributing significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing employment opportunities to majority of workforce in the country. Despite its contribution towards the enhancement of wellbeing of the society and the continuous efforts from the government, micro enterprises are struggling with several prolonged issues. Considerable number of them are facing difficulties in obtaining financing as they rated as a market segment associated with high risk. Current economic recession as result of COVID-19 pandemic and various phases of continuous lock downs created huge negative impact on small businesses including micro enterprises. As a result of that there is a need arise for special forms of innovative financial tools to serve the capital requirements of micro enterprises. This study suggests a mosque based sustainable model for financing micro enterprises using cash waqf with a significant feature of involving mosque-based administration committees (AJK) to intermediate between the Waqf Corporation of Selangor (PWS) and micro enterprises at village level. Using the Selangor state as the case study, this study employed quantitative approach by conducting a survey from 270 respondents based on Theory Planned Behaviour (TPB) to test the acceptance of the proposed model using SPSS. The results of Pearson correlation analysis found attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control of micro entrepreneurs significantly influence the intention to use the suggested model. The model suggested by this study may be helpful in addressing challenges in financing inclusion faced by Micro enterprises and further improving welfare of the Muslim society by better usage of cash waqf. Contributions of this study may enlighten Islamic financial institutions, waqf administrators and policy makers for their strategic planning activities in designing Islamic microfinancing tools.
Perusahaan mikro merupakan salah satu sektor ekonomi utama Malaysia. Sektor ini memberi sumbangan besar kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) dan memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada majoriti tenaga kerja di negara ini. Meskipun besar sumbangannya terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan usaha berterusan dari pihak kerajaan, perusahaan mikro tetap menghadapi beberapa masalah yang berlarutan. Sebilangan besar dari mereka menghadapi kesukaran untuk mendapatkan pembiayaan kerana mereka dilabel sebagai segmen pasaran yang berisiko tinggi. Kemelesetan ekonomi akibat wabak COVID-19 dan pelbagai fasa penutupan yang berterusan memberi impak negatif yang besar terhadap perniagaan kecil termasuk perusahaan mikro. Oleh itu, timbul keperluan untuk membentuk alat kewangan inovatif khas untuk memenuhi keperluan modal perusahaan mikro. Kajian ini menunjukkan model lestari berasaskan masjid untuk membiayai perusahaan mikro menggunakan wakaf tunai di mana penglibatan pentadbiran Ahli Jawatankuasa (AJK) masjid untuk menjadi perantara antara Perbadanan Wakaf Selangor (PWS) dan perusahaan mikro di peringkat kampung sebagai ciri penting. Menggunakan negeri Selangor sebagai kajian kes, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif menerusi pengendalian tinjauan daripada 270 responden berdasarkan Teori Perancangan Terancang (TPB) untuk menguji penerimaan model yang dicadangkan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson mendapati bahawa sikap, norma subjektif dan kawalan tingkah laku oleh pengusaha mikro mempengaruhi intensi untuk menggunakan model yang disarankan. Model yang disarankan oleh kajian ini dapat membantu mengatasi tantangan dalam membiayai inklusi yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan mikro seterusnya meningkatkan lagi kesejahteraan masyarakat Muslim dengan penggunaan wakaf tunai yang lebih baik. Sumbangan kajian ini dapat membantu institusi kewangan Islam, pentadbir wakaf dan pembuat dasar dalam penambahbaikan perancangan strategik mereka untuk mencipta alat pembiayaan mikro Islam.
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